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    Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from Azadinium spinosum Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors

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    Jauffrais et al 2012-Production ...
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    Author
    Jauffrais, Thierry
    Kilcoyne, Jane
    Séchet, Véronique
    Herrenknecht, Christine
    Truquet, Philippe
    Hervé, Fabienne
    Bérard, Jean Baptiste
    Nulty, Cíara
    Taylor, Sarah
    Tillmann, Urban
    Miles, Christopher O.
    Hess, Philipp
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    Keyword
    Solid phase extraction
    Photobioreactor
    Chemostat
    Dinoflagellate
    Micro-algae
    LC-MS/MS
    Tangential flow filtration
    Azaspiracid
    HP-20
    Date
    2012
    Publisher
    MPDI Publishing
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Azaspiracid (AZA) poisoning has been reported following consumption of contaminated shellfish, and is of human health concern. Hence, it is important to have sustainable amounts of the causative toxins available for toxicological studies and for instrument calibration in monitoring programs, without having to rely on natural toxin events. Continuous pilot scale culturing was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of AZA production using Azadinium spinosum cultures. Algae were harvested using tangential flow filtration or continuous centrifugation. AZAs were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE) procedures, and subsequently purified. When coupling two stirred photobioreactors in series, cell concentrations reached 190,000 and 210,000 cell•mL−1 at steady state in bioreactors 1 and 2, respectively. The AZA cell quota decreased as the dilution rate increased from 0.15 to 0.3 day−1, with optimum toxin production at 0.25 day−1. After optimization, SPE procedures allowed for the recovery of 79 ± 9% of AZAs. The preparative isolation procedure previously developed for shellfish was optimized for algal extracts, such that only four steps were necessary to obtain purified AZA1 and -2. A purification efficiency of more than 70% was achieved, and isolation from 1200 L of culture yielded 9.3 mg of AZA1 and 2.2 mg of AZA2 of >95% purity. This work demonstrated the feasibility of sustainably producing AZA1 and -2 from A. spinosum cultures.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10793/806; http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md10061360
    Description
    This article was originally published in Marine Drugs and can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md10061360.
    peer-reviewed
    Citation
    Jauffrais T., Kilcoyne J., Séchet V., Herrenknecht C., Truquet P., Hervé F., Bérard J.B., Nulty C., Taylor S., Tillmann U., Miles C.O., & Hess P. (2012). Production and Isolation of Azaspiracid-1 and -2 from Azadinium spinosum Culture in Pilot Scale Photobioreactors. Marine Drugs, 10(6), 1360-1382.
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