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dc.contributor.authorTwiner, M J
dc.contributor.authorRehmann, N
dc.contributor.authorHess, P
dc.contributor.authorDoucette, G J
dc.date.accessioned2011-07-06T15:29:18Z
dc.date.available2011-07-06T15:29:18Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.identifier.citationTwiner M.J., Rehmann N., Hess P., Doucette G.J. Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning: A Review on the Chemistry, Ecology, and Toxicology with an Emphasis on Human Health Impacts. Marine Drugs. 2008; 6(2):39-72en_GB
dc.identifier.issn1660-3397
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10793/413
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md6020039
dc.descriptionpeer-reviewed
dc.description.abstractAzaspiracids (AZA) are polyether marine toxins that accumulate in various shellfish species and have been associated with severe gastrointestinal human intoxications since 1995. This toxin class has since been reported from several countries, including Morocco and much of western Europe. A regulatory limit of 160 μg AZA/kg whole shellfish flesh was established by the EU in order to protect human health; however, in some cases, AZA concentrations far exceed the action level. Herein we discuss recent advances on the chemistry of various AZA analogs, review the ecology of AZAs, including the putative progenitor algal species, collectively interpret the in vitro and in vivo data on the toxicology of AZAs relating to human health issues, and outline the European legislature associated with AZAs.en_GB
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherMDPI AGen_GB
dc.relation.ispartofseriesMarine Drugs;6(2)
dc.subjectazaspiracid (AZA)en_GB
dc.subjectAZPen_GB
dc.subjectshellfish poisoningen_GB
dc.titleAzaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning: A Review on the Chemistry, Ecology, and Toxicology with an Emphasis on Human Health Impactsen_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
refterms.dateFOA2018-01-12T04:49:12Z


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