Transitioning Ireland’s maritime sector to carbon neutrality: Alternative fuels, infrastructure, and policy pathways

Abstract

This report explores the transition of Ireland’s maritime industry towards carbon neutrality by 2050, focusing on alternative fuel adoption, socio-economic impacts, and implementation pathways. Conducted under the Marine Institute’s Research for Policy Awards, the study evaluates regulatory drivers such as the EU Green Deal, FuelEU Maritime, and IMO Net Zero Framework, alongside their implications for Irish ports and shipping companies. Using a core fleet analysis and stakeholder consultations, the research identifies high-priority corridors for Green Shipping Corridors (GSCs), assesses alternative fuels—including biofuels, methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, and electrofuels—and analyses port infrastructure requirements such as Onshore Power Supply (OPS). Findings highlight significant cost challenges under a business-as-usual scenario, with penalties projected to exceed €1.3 billion annually by 2050, underscoring the urgency of fuel transition strategies. The report proposes a phased roadmap: immediate OPS deployment by 2030, preparation for FuelEU revisions in 2027/28, and long-term GSC development on high-emission routes. Recommendations emphasise regulatory alignment, flexible fuel strategies, and collaborative task forces to mitigate risks and ensure Ireland’s maritime sector achieves net-zero emissions while maintaining competitiveness.