Marine Environmental Characterisation of Irish Inshore Aquaculture Regions

Abstract

Understanding the hydrography and ocean dynamics of Ireland's inshore regions is crucial for assessing how these physical processes impact the aquaculture or fisheries industries. This study examines temperature, salinity, and stratification patterns, along with extreme climatic events such as marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold spells (MCSs), which significantly impact marine ecosystems and aquaculture productivity. Using a combination of observational data, numerical ocean models, and literature sources, the study provides insights into physical environmental characteristics per region, both contemporary and historical. Distributions of temperature and salinity within regional bays and harbours, as shown here, highlight the growing threats climate change poses to Irish coastal waters, particularly through increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and MHWs. Results indicate potential for harsher growing conditions and more frequent harmful algal blooms (HABs). Although a decline in marine cold spells (MCSs) at most studied sites offers some respite, the rise in the frequency of cold spells in Bantry Bay highlights the need for continued monitoring and adaptive strategies. Existing, planned and potential long-term observations at key Marine Institute sites, aim to bridge gaps in our understanding of marine environmental trends, aiding mitigation and adaptive efforts, which are evermore required in warming regional seas