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    Simulated sunlight inactivation of norovirus and FRNA bacteriophage in seawater

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    Flannery et al. Simulated sunlight ...
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    Author
    Flannery, J.
    Rajko-Nenow, P.
    Keaveney, S.
    O'Flaherty, V.
    Doré, W.
    Keyword
    FRNA bacteriophage
    Norovirus
    Plaque assay
    RT-qPCR
    Solar disinfection
    Virus inactivation
    Date
    2013
    Publisher
    Wiley
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Aims: To investigate norovirus (NoV) and F-specific RNA (FRNA) bacteriophage inactivation in seawater under simulated sunlight and temperature conditions representative of summer (235 W m−2; 17°C) and winter (56 W m−2; 10°C) conditions in Ireland. Methods and Results: Inactivation experiments were carried out using a collimated beam of simulated sunlight and 100 ml of filtered seawater seeded with virus under controlled temperature conditions. NoV concentrations were determined using RT-qPCR, and FRNA bacteriophage concentrations were determined using RT-qPCR and by plaque assay. For all virus types, the fluence required to achieve a 90% reduction in detectable viruses (S90 value) using RT-qPCR was not significantly different between summer and winter conditions. S90 values for FRNA bacteriophage determined by plaque assay were significantly less than those determined by RT-qPCR. Unlike S90 values determined by RT-qPCR, a significant difference existed between summer and winter S90 values for infectious FRNA bacteriophage. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that RT-qPCR significantly overestimates the survival of infectious virus and is therefore unsuitable for determining the inactivation rates of viruses in seawater. Significance and Impact of the Study: Results from this study provide initial data on the inactivation of NoV and FRNA bacteriophage in seawater under representative summer and winter conditions and will be of interest to shellfish and water management agencies alike.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10793/1284
    Description
    Peer-reviewed.
    Citation
    Flannery, J., Rajko-Nenow, P., Keaveney, S., O'Flaherty, V. and Doré, W. (2013).Simulated sunlight inactivation of norovirus and FRNA bacteriophage in seawater. Journal of applied microbiology, 115(3), pp. 915–922 doi:10.1111/jam.12279
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