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dc.contributor.authorLeonards, P.E.G.
dc.contributor.authorBesselink, H.
dc.contributor.authorKlungsøyr, J.
dc.contributor.authorMcHugh, B.
dc.contributor.authorNixon, E.
dc.contributor.authorRimkus, G.G.
dc.contributor.authorBrouwer, A.
dc.contributor.authorde Boer, J.
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-14T12:03:44Z
dc.date.available2017-03-14T12:03:44Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.identifier.citationLeonards, P.E.G., Besselink, H., Klungsøyr, J., McHugh, B., Nixon, E., Rimkus, G.G., Brouwer, A. and de Boer, J. (2011) Toxicological risks to humans of toxaphene residues in fish. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 8(3), pp. 523-529 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1275en_GB
dc.identifier.issn1551-3777
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10793/1237
dc.descriptionPeer-reviewed.en_GB
dc.description.abstractA revised risk assessment for toxaphene was developed, based on the assumption that fish consumers are only exposed to toxaphene residues that differ substantially from technical toxaphene due to environmental degradation and metabolism. In vitro studies confirmed that both technical toxaphene and degraded toxaphene inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication that correlates with the mechanistic potential to cause tumour promotion. In vivo rat studies established the NOAEL for degraded and technical toxaphene at the highest dose tested in the bioassay. Toxaphene residue intakes from European fishery products were estimated and compared to the provisional tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) from various regulatory agencies including Canada, the United States, Germany. The estimated intake was also compared to a new calculated provisional MATT pTDI. The MATT pTDI is based upon new toxicological information (in vivo rat studies) developed on a model for environmental toxaphene residues rather than technical toxaphene. A MATT pTDI (1.08 mg total toxaphene for a person of 60 kg) for tumour promotion potency was adopted for use in Europe and is hitherto referred to as the MATT pTDI. These new data result in a better estimate of safety and a higher TDI than previously used. Based on realistic fish consumption data and recent baseline concentration data of toxaphene in European fishery products the toxaphene intake for the consumers of Germany, Ireland, Norway and The Netherlands was estimated. For an average adult fish consumer the average daily intake of toxaphene was estimated to be 1.2 µg, and 0.4, 0.5, and 0.2 µg for the consumers of Norway, Germany, Ireland, and The Netherlands, respectively. The toxaphene intake of these average fish consumers was far below the MATT pTDI of 1.08 mg/60 kg body weight. In conclusion, based on the most relevant toxicological studies and the most realistic estimates of fish consumption and recent concentrations of toxaphene in European fishery products, adverse health effects are unlikely for the average European consumer of fishery products. In no case is the MATT pTDI exceeded.en_GB
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherWileyen_GB
dc.relation.ispartofseriesIntegrated Environmental Assessment and Management;8(3)
dc.subjectToxicological risken_GB
dc.subjectToxapheneen_GB
dc.subjectFishen_GB
dc.subjectHumanen_GB
dc.subjectEuropean fish consumptionen_GB
dc.titleToxicological risks to humans of toxaphene residues in fishen_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
refterms.dateFOA2018-01-12T05:59:19Z


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